Multiplication Tables From 1 To 10
This single grid holds every table from 1 to 10 at once. To find a product, pick the row for one number and the column for the other; where they cross is the answer, so row 7, column 8 reads 56 - and so does row 8, column 7.
× | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 |
3 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 30 |
4 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 40 |
5 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 |
6 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 30 | 36 | 42 | 48 | 54 | 60 |
7 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 28 | 35 | 42 | 49 | 56 | 63 | 70 |
8 | 8 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 40 | 48 | 56 | 64 | 72 | 80 |
9 | 9 | 18 | 27 | 36 | 45 | 54 | 63 | 72 | 81 | 90 |
10 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
Each numbered row, read left to right, is one complete table from $\times 1$ to $\times 10$. The 7 row, for instance, is $7 \times 1 = 7$, $7 \times 2 = 14$, all the way to $7 \times 10 = 70$.
How Do You Read These Tables?
The grid is a lookup table, and the single most useful thing to notice is that it is symmetric, meaning $a \times b$ equals $b \times a$. The cell where row 6 meets column 9 (54) is identical to where row 9 meets column 6.
That mirror line runs along the diagonal of square numbers, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, up to 100, so you never learn a fact twice. Master the upper half and the lower half comes free.
The easy anchor columns do most of the heavy lifting. Ones stay the same, twos double, fives end in 0 or 5, and tens simply add a zero.
How To Learn The Tables From 1 To 10 (Patterns, Not Memorizing)
Bhanzu teaches the few patterns that generate the tables rather than drilling a hundred separate facts into recall. Once you see how the grid is built, you can reason out any product you forget instead of hunting for it. That is the number sense and mental agility you carry into algebra.
A whole grid of ten tables rests on a short list of structural ideas:
Doubling links the even tables. The 2 times table is repeated doubling; the 4s are the 2s doubled again, and the 8s are the 4s doubled once more, because $4 = 2 \times 2$ and $8 = 2 \times 4$. Learn one and you reuse it for its relatives.
The fives and tens are the fastest anchors. The 5 times table ends in 0 or 5 and is half of the matching ten, while the 10s just append a zero, so $10 \times n$ writes itself.
The nines have a digit-sum pattern. Every product in the 9 table has digits that add to 9 (18, 27, 36, 45), and the tens digit climbs by one while the units digit falls by one. That is the structure of base ten, not a magic hack.
Place value builds the harder rows. For a product like $7 \times 6$, split the 6 into $5 + 1$: $7 \times 5 = 35$ and $7 \times 1 = 7$, so $35 + 7 = 42$. This is the distributive idea, written $7(5 + 1)$ in algebra.
Understand these few patterns and you can rebuild any of the 100 facts in the grid rather than store each one separately.
What Do The Tables Look Like In Words?
Young learners often meet a table as a spoken chant before they read it off a grid, and saying a row aloud is one of the fastest ways to lock it in. Each row reads as a sentence, "one times the number is the number, two times the number is …," through ten.
The 6 row, for example, reads "one times 6 is 6, two times 6 is 12, three times 6 is 18," and so on to "ten times 6 is 60." Pick the table you find hardest, read its row aloud a few times, then test yourself against the grid above.
Why Should You Learn The Tables From 1 To 10?
This is the question parents ask most, and it is worth answering plainly. The tables from 1 to 10 are the foundation the rest of arithmetic is built on - long division, fractions, percentages, and ratios all sit on top of fluent recall.
Children usually meet the 1, 2, 5, and 10 tables first because their patterns are the clearest, then fill in the rest. Fluent tables remove the small pauses that otherwise interrupt every larger calculation, which is why teachers treat them as bedrock rather than as a chore.
Where Do These Tables Appear?
Strong recall of the tables from 1 to 10 quietly powers most everyday arithmetic. Splitting a bill, scaling a recipe, working out unit prices, reading a timetable, or estimating travel time is a multiplication or division that runs faster when the facts are automatic.
The reach goes well beyond the classroom. Every algorithm for bigger multiplication, and every fraction or percentage, unpacks into these ten tables, so the hours spent here pay off for years.
Solved Examples
Example 1
What is $8 \times 7$ using the tables from 1 to 10?
Read row 8 across to column 7, or split 7 as $5 + 2$: $8 \times 5 = 40$ and $8 \times 2 = 16$.
$40 + 16 = 56$
Final answer: $8 \times 7 = 56$.
Example 2 (Wrong path first)
A tray holds 6 rows of 4 cakes. How many cakes?
Wrong attempt. The rusher adds instead of multiplying and writes $6 + 4 = 10$.
Why it breaks. Ten cakes would not even fill two rows of four, yet the tray has six full rows.
Correct. Six groups of four is $6 \times 4$.
$6 \times 4 = 24$
Final answer: 24 cakes.
Example 3
How many times should you multiply 2 to reach 16?
Divide to find the missing factor: $16 \div 2 = 8$.
Final answer: $2 \times 8 = 16$, so eight times.
Example 4
Find $9 \times 6$ using the digit-sum pattern.
The tens digit is one less than 6, so 5; the digits must sum to 9, so the units digit is 4.
$9 \times 6 = 54$
Final answer: $9 \times 6 = 54$.
Example 5
A week has 7 days. How many days in 10 weeks?
Row 7, column 10, or append a zero to 7.
$7 \times 10 = 70$
Final answer: 70 days.
Practice Questions
$3 \times 8 = {?}$
$9 \times 4 = {?}$
Fill in the blank: $6 \times {?} = 42$.
A box holds 5 pens. How many in 9 boxes?
$7 \times 7 = {?}$
Which is larger, $8 \times 6$ or $9 \times 5$?
$10 \times 10 = {?}$
Use doubling: if $4 \times 6 = 24$, what is $8 \times 6$?
Answers: 1. 24 2. 36 3. 7 4. 45 5. 49 6. $8 \times 6 = 48$ is larger than $9 \times 5 = 45$ 7. 100 8. 48.
Conclusion
The tables from 1 to 10 sit in one symmetric grid, so a handful of patterns rebuild the whole of it and no fact is ever learned twice. To take this further with a teacher, explore mental maths for kids sessions, work one-to-one with an elementary math tutor, or browse the math programs for kids that build this fluency in order.
Read More
Tables from 1 to 20 hub - extend the grid past 10, all the way to 20.
3 times table - the root of 6, 9, and 12.
4 times table - the 2 table doubled.
6 times table - double the 3 table.
7 times table - the one most worth drilling.
8 times table - double the 4 table.
9 times table - the digit-sum-9 pattern.
How to teach multiplication - classroom-tested ways to build table fluency.
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